Volume 18, No. 5, 2021
The Entrepreneurial Motivation Of Underdog Entrepreneurs: A Paradigm Shift
Rabia Naseer , Kaleem Ullah , Muhammad Irfan , Irum Khattak , Asia Umar Khan , Samra Kiran , Saqib Shahzad
Abstract
What motivates an individual to become an entrepreneur is at the heart of entrepreneurship research, although the topic is nebulous and requires further elaboration. Extrinsic motivation has always been related to understanding the entrepreneurial motivation of underdog entrepreneurs. We contribute to a more practical understanding of their many motivations, which are not always extrinsic. For this, we conceptualize a matrix based on self-esteem and its levels where we unearth self-esteem as the underlying factor of their motivation. This effort extends the theory of push-pull entrepreneurship. It can be used in future studies to investigate the matrix further.
Pages: 2243-2260
Keywords: underdog, disadvantaged entrepreneurs, stigma, self-esteem, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, entrepreneurship